Emergency First Aid

1. ASSESS

2. MAKE SAFE

3. GIVE EMERGENCY AID

4. GET HELP

First, assess the situation. Is danger still present? Decide what was happened, ask the casualty and any witnesses how the accident occurred. make sure that it is safe to approach the scene of an accident and the casualty. Do not turn yourself into another casualty by going into a dangerous situation. When giving emergency aid, do not try to do too much. Always treat unconscious first, then those who are bleeding and finally those with broken bones and other injuries. Never give a casualty anything to eat, drink or smoke. Then get help. Use a bystander to help you. Summon help by using the 155 emergency telephone line.

ACB of Resuscitacion

A. Open the airway

Lift the jaw and tilt the head to open the airway. Remove any object from inside the mouth.

B. Check breathing

Look to see if the chest is rising and falling. Listen for the noise of breathing, feel for his breath against your cheek. If the casualty is breathing turn him into the recovery position.

C. Circulation - check the pulse

Find the pulse in the neck by placing your fingers to the side of the voice-box and pressing gently down. If pulse and breathing are both present, turn the casualty into the recovery position onto his side, taking care to protect his face. His head should remain tilted with the jaw forward to maintain the open airway. Check that the casualty cannot roll forwards or backwards. However, if there is an accident in which the casualty might have sustained a bone fracture (e.g. car crash, fall,...), dont move him!

IF THERE IS PULSE BUT NO BREATHING...

...start artificial ventilation. Pinch casualty's nose firmly. Take a deep breath and seal your lips around the casualty's lips. Blow into his mouth watching the chest rise. Let the chest fall completely. If you must leave the casualty to send for an ambulance, give 10 breaths before going and return quickly to continue. Continue at about 10 breaths a minute, chking the pulse after every 10 breaths. When breathing starts, turn casualty into the recovery position.

IF THERE IS NO PULSE AND NO BREATHING...

...shout for help. phone for an ambulance, then start chest compressions combined with ventilations. Give 2 breaths artificial ventilation. Place the heel of one hand 2 fingers breadth above the junction where the ribcase meets the breastbone. Place the other hand over the top, interlocking fingers. Keeping your arms straight, press down 4-5 cms. Do this 30 times at a rate of 100 per minute. Repeat cycle 2 breaths to 30 compressions. If condition improves, recheck pulse. Place casualty in recovery position. Never practise this technique on healty people - it is dangerous!

Zdroj:  

BULDOV, S. V., a spol. Angličtina pro zdravotní sestry: Příručka odborných textů, výrazů a cvičení. Druhé vydání. Praha 4: Informatorium, 2003. ISBN 80-7333-018-0