Human Body (Parts of the Body)

   The human body consists of the head, neck, trunk and the limbs (extremities).

The head is the seat of the brain, several sense organs and inlets for air and food. It consist of the cranium covered by the scalp with hair, and the face. The face is made up of the forehead, the eyes with eyebrows and upper and lower eyelids, the cheeks, the nose in the middle of the face, the mouth with two lips, the tongue and teeth, the chin and the ears.

The neck joins the head and the trunk. It contains the cervical vertebrae, the pharynx, the larynx and vessels

and nerves. The thyroid gland lies on the anterior aspect of the neck.

The diaphragm divides the trunk into the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity at its lower end. The bony framework of the thorax is the sternum and vertebral column connected by the ribs. The vertebral column is composed of vertebrae, each having a slinal canal through which runs the spinal cord. The principal parts of the thorax are the lungs, the heart, the great blood vessels, the trachea and the oesophagus. On the chest we see two nipples and, in women, the breasts. Inside the abdominal cavity we find the stomach, the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys, the urinary bladder, the small and large intestines, and the                                     internal reproductive organs.

The upper extermity is divided into the shoulder, the upper arm, the elbow, the forearm, the wrist and the hand. The parts of the hand include: the back and the palm of the hand, four fingers and a thumb.

The lower extermity is attached to the pelvic girdle. It is constituted by the hip, the thigh, the knee withe the patella, the lower leg with the shin in front and calf at the back, the ankle and the foot. The foot consist of more than 200 bones which are made up of hard osseous tissue. The point where two bones meet is a joint or articulation. The movement is made possible by the contraction and the extension of muscles. We distinguish between voluntary and involuntary muscles.

 

  The whole body is covered by the skin. There are five senses in our body: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

  The human body is a complex of units and systems with their numerous organs and parts and all their functions have to work as whole.

Zdroj:  

BULDOV, S. V., a spol. Angličtina pro zdravotní sestry: Příručka odborných textů, výrazů a cvičení. Druhé vydání. Praha 4: Informatorium, 2003. ISBN 80-7333-018-0